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100 个英语必备动词短语:完整指南(2027)

速读:你能从这份指南拿走什么

  • 100 个核心动词短语主清单,按 5 个实用类别组织
  • 每条都标注可分性规则(暴露非母语者的语法陷阱)
  • 「get 的 20 个动词短语」专章——英语里最百搭的动词
  • 「介词/副词意义模式」(一套捷径系统,让你解码上百个未知动词短语)
  • 30 天冲刺计划,目标是产出级流利度,而不只是识别

动词短语为什么是英语流利的「最后一公里」

你过了 TOEFL,语法准确,能写出结构漂亮的文章。

但开会时经理说「Can you look into that?」,你迟疑了半秒太多。聚餐时有人问要不要「hang out later」,你回答「yes, I would like to socialize」——技术上正确,社交上别扭。

这就是英语流利的**「最后一公里问题」**:「正确」和「自然」之间的差距。动词短语,是这道差距单一最大的来源。

研究的反差很惊人。Biber、Johansson、Leech、Conrad 与 Finegan(1999)发现,英语口语里动词短语的频率远远高于其拉丁语源对应词。受过良好教育的母语者不说「terminate the relationship」,他们说「break up」;不说「inquire about the schedule」,他们说「ask about it」或「look it up」。英语课程里占主导的正式拉丁词汇,正是自然口语中最少用的那一档。

学习者的两难是真实的:你会「obtain」,但不会「get hold of」;会「postpone」,但不会「put off」;会「investigate」,但不会「look into」。你的词汇活在母语者对话里很少使用的语域里,制造出微妙却持续的距离感——你和你交谈的人都能感觉到。

这份指南给你关上这道差距的工具:100 个动词短语,按使用场景组织,附可分性规则、按水平校准的例句,以及一套真正能让你「学会」(不只是「认识」)的系统。


学动词短语为什么难(三大结构性问题)

进入清单前,得理解动词短语为什么这么麻烦。三个具体的结构性问题解释了多数学习者的错误。

问题 1:同一个动词,不同含义

同一个基础动词搭不同介词/副词,产出的含义之间没有任何明显逻辑联系。看动词 give

  • Give up = 放弃、屈服(「She gave up trying to fix the printer.」)
  • Give out = 分发(「The teacher gave out the exam papers.」)
  • Give in = 在压力下让步(「He finally gave in and agreed to the terms.」)
  • Give away = 捐赠,或不小心泄露(「She gave away the ending of the movie.」)
  • Give off = 散发(「The engine was giving off a strange smell.」)

五个介词,五个完全不相干的含义。死背「give = 给」的学习者完全准备不足。每个组合都得当作一个独立的词汇项来学。

同样的问题出现在 break(break up / break down / break out / break through / break in)、run(run out / run into / run over / run away / run off),几乎每一个高频动词都是这样。

问题 2:可分 vs 不可分(以及代词陷阱)

动词短语在语法上分两类,规则在标准英语里没有商量。

可分动词短语 允许(且常常要求)宾语放在动词和介词之间:

  • 「Turn off the light」或「turn the light off」(都对)。

但这条规则把几乎所有中级学习者绊倒:当宾语是代词时,必须放在中间。代词不能放在介词后面。

  • 「Pick up the package」= 对
  • 「Pick the package up」= 对
  • 「Pick it up」= 对
  • 「Pick up it」= 错(这是清晰的非母语标记)

不可分动词短语 永远不允许拆开,无论宾语是名词还是代词:

  • 「Look after the children」= 对
  • 「Look after them」= 对
  • 「Look them after」= 错

更麻烦的是,没有可靠规则能预测哪个动词短语可分。Turn off 可分;look after 不可分。学习者必须把类型和含义一起记——下面的主清单正是为此而做。

问题 3:语域错配

动词短语横跨完整的语域光谱,多数课本忽略这一点。

  • 「Get across」= 有效沟通(中性/口语)
  • 「Convey」= 同义,但更正式/书面
  • 「Bring up a topic」= 适用于会议和轻松对话
  • 「Raise a topic」= 略正式,更适合学术写作
  • 「Sort out」= 非正式、轻松解决问题
  • 「Resolve」= 报告和邮件中的正式对应

对 TOEFL Writing 和 IELTS Academic 来说,许多动词短语在高分文章里太非正式。对求职面试和演示,过度依赖拉丁词汇又显得僵硬陌生。甜蜜点是同时掌握两种语域、有意识地选择——这要求你学动词短语时带显式的语域标签。


主清单:100 个英语必备动词短语

清单分五类,每类 20 个。每条包含:含义、可分(Sep)状态、B1 级例句,以及相关时附语域提示。

可分性标识:

  • Y = 可分(宾语可放在动词与介词之间;代词必须)
  • N = 不可分(宾语必须跟在介词之后)
  • N/A = 无宾语(不及物)

类别 A:日常生活与作息(20 个)

英语日常口语的基石。每个 B1 学习者都该让这些进入产出级,不只是识别。

# 动词短语 含义 Sep 例句
1 wake up 醒来 N/A She woke up at 6:30 and felt completely refreshed.
2 get up 起床;站起 N/A He gets up early every day to exercise before work.
3 put on 穿上;放置 Y Put on a jacket — it's cold outside. / Put it on before you go out.
4 take off 脱下;(飞机)起飞 Y Take off your shoes at the door, please. / The plane took off at noon.
5 run out 用完 N We ran out of coffee this morning. Can you buy more?
6 show up 到场,出现 N/A He didn't show up to the meeting, and nobody knew why.
7 hang out 闲逛、消磨时间 N/A We hung out at the park all afternoon. (非正式/口语)
8 look after 照看 N Can you look after my dog while I'm traveling next week?
9 turn up 出现(往往迟到/意外);调高音量/温度 N/A / Y She turned up an hour late with no explanation. / Turn up the volume — I can't hear it.
10 give up 停止尝试;屈服 Y / N/A Don't give up — you're almost finished. / He gave up smoking last year.
11 set up 建立、安排、准备 Y We need to set up the projector before the presentation starts.
12 clean up 整理干净 Y Can you clean up the kitchen after dinner? / Clean it up before guests arrive.
13 come across 偶然遇到 N I came across this old photo while cleaning out the closet.
14 figure out 思考后弄明白 Y I can't figure out how this app works. / Can you help me figure it out?
15 break down 机械故障;情绪崩溃 N/A The car broke down on the motorway and we had to wait two hours.
16 work out 锻炼;找到方案;顺利 N/A / Y She works out every morning before breakfast. / We need to work out the details.
17 go through 经历困难;仔细审阅 N He went through a really tough period after losing his job.
18 pick up 捡起;接某人;非正式地学到 Y Can you pick up the kids from school today? / Pick it up carefully — it's fragile.
19 drop off 把人或物送到某处 Y I'll drop you off at the station on my way to work.
20 stay up 熬夜 N/A She stayed up until 2 a.m. finishing her report.

语域提示: 这 20 个均为中性偏非正式。口语必备,但学术写作里换正式对应(stay up → remain awake,find → locate)。


类别 B:沟通与人际(20 个)

社交和职场互动里持续出现。掌握这一类直接提升对话流利度和自然度。

# 动词短语 含义 Sep 例句
21 bring up 在对话里引入话题 Y She brought up the salary issue at the end of the meeting. / Bring it up when the time is right.
22 look into 调查、研究 N I'll look into the issue and get back to you by Friday.
23 open up 愿意敞开心扉;解锁 N/A / Y It took him months to open up about what happened.
24 reach out 联系某人,尤其是提供或寻求帮助 N/A Don't hesitate to reach out if you have questions. (商务英语常用)
25 get across 把观点成功传达 Y She really got her point across in the presentation. / It's hard to get this across in writing.
26 cut off 打断;突然切断联系 Y He was cut off mid-sentence when the call dropped. / She cut off contact with her ex.
27 fall out with 严重争执而绝交 N They fell out with each other over a misunderstanding and haven't spoken since.
28 make up 和解;编造 N/A / Y They argued on Monday but made up by Wednesday. / Don't make up excuses.
29 get along 关系融洽 N Do you get along with your new colleagues? (也作 get on with — 英式)
30 catch up 追上进度;久别重聚聊近况 N/A I need to catch up on the emails I missed. / Let's catch up over coffee next week.
31 bring together 把人或团体聚在一起 Y The project brought together teams from three different offices.
32 check in 询问近况;酒店/机场办登记 N/A My manager checks in with each team member every Friday.
33 follow up 在初次接触后跟进 N/A I sent the proposal last week but haven't followed up yet. (商务英语必备)
34 speak up 大声说出;为立场发声 N/A If you disagree, speak up — your opinion matters here.
35 back up 支持论点或人;备份数据 Y Can you back up that claim with evidence? / Back up your files before updating the system.
36 call off 取消已安排的事 Y The meeting was called off because the CEO was traveling. / We had to call it off at the last minute.
37 look forward to 期待 N I look forward to hearing from you. (正式邮件常用——不可分;后接名词/动名词)
38 point out 指出事实或错误 Y She pointed out several mistakes in the draft. / Thank you for pointing that out.
39 come up with 提出想法或方案 N Who came up with this idea? It's brilliant. (不可分——不能说「come it up with」)
40 sort out 解决问题或整理 Y We need to sort out the payment issue before the deadline. (英式;美式:work out 或 figure out)

类别 C:工作与职业(20 个)

职场动词短语。回避动词短语的商务英语学习者听起来流利但偏正式,造出距离感。这 20 个是同事每天在用的。

# 动词短语 含义 Sep 例句
41 take on 承担责任;招人 Y She took on three new clients this quarter. / The company is taking on junior developers.
42 hand in 交作业或文件 Y Please hand in your report by 5 p.m. on Friday. / Hand it in to the front desk.
43 step down 从职位辞职 N/A The CEO stepped down after the board voted against the merger.
44 carry out 执行计划、任务、指令 Y The team carried out a detailed audit of the system. (正式语域——适合报告)
45 deal with 处理问题或人 N I'll deal with the client complaint this afternoon.
46 look up 查阅信息;(情况)好转 Y / N/A Look up the definition before you use the word. / Things are looking up since the restructuring.
47 set out 启程;系统化地阐述 N/A / Y The report sets out the company's five-year strategy. (正式——适合学术与商务写作)
48 take over 接管;接替职责 Y / N/A She took over the project when her manager went on leave. / A competitor tried to take over the company.
49 put off 推迟;让人却步 Y The meeting was put off until next week. / Don't let one failure put you off trying again.
50 hold back 克制;阻碍进展 Y She held back her frustration during the performance review. / Lack of funding is holding back the project.
51 burn out 因过度工作而身心俱疲 N/A He burned out after six months of 80-hour weeks and took a leave of absence.
52 sign off 给最终批准;结束信件或广播 N/A / Y The director needs to sign off on the budget before we proceed.
53 bring in 引入;带来收入;引入专家 Y The company brought in a consultant to review the process. / This campaign brought in $2M in revenue.
54 cut back 削减开支或活动 N/A The department had to cut back on hiring due to budget constraints. (也作 cut back on + 名词)
55 move on 换工作、换关系、换话题;推进 N/A After five years, she decided it was time to move on. / Let's move on to the next agenda item.
56 phase out 逐步淘汰 Y The company is phasing out the old software system over the next two years. (正式语域——适合报告)
57 head up 领导项目或团队 Y He was asked to head up the new product division.
58 wrap up 结束 Y Let's wrap up this meeting — we're running over time. / Can you wrap it up in five minutes?
59 take up 开始一项新活动;占据空间或时间 Y She took up yoga after the doctor recommended it. / These meetings take up most of my morning.
60 draw up 起草文件或计划 Y The legal team will draw up a contract by end of week. / Draw it up and send it over for review.

类别 D:GET 的 20 个动词短语

GET 是英语里最百搭的动词。它能搭的介词比几乎任何其他动词都多,组成的动词短语跨度极广——从位移、理解到关系。这一节是「phrasal verbs with get」的精选参考。

# 动词短语 含义 Sep 例句
61 get up 起床;站起 N/A I usually get up at 7 but struggled today.
62 get out 离开;(信息)泄露 N/A We need to get out of here before the rain starts. / The news got out before the announcement.
63 get in 进入交通工具或建筑;(交通工具)抵达 N/A Get in the car — we're late. / What time does your train get in?
64 get on 取得进展;上车;关系融洽(英) N/A How are you getting on with the project? / Get on the bus at the corner stop.
65 get off 下车;下班;逃过惩罚 N/A Get off the bus at the third stop. / She got off work early on Friday.
66 get across 把观点成功传达 Y I couldn't get my point across because the connection was poor.
67 get along 关系和睦 N They didn't get along at first, but they became close friends.
68 get away 逃脱;度假离开 N/A The suspect got away before police arrived. / We're trying to get away for a weekend.
69 get back 回来;找回某物 N/A / Y When do you get back from your trip? / I never got my deposit back.
70 get behind 工作或还款落后;支持某事 N / N/A I got behind on my coursework during the first month. / I really get behind this idea.
71 get by 用有限资源勉强维持 N/A His English is enough to get by in most situations, but he wants to improve.
72 get down 让人沮丧;记下来;从高处下来 Y / N/A This cold weather is really getting me down. / Get down the details while you remember them.
73 get hold of 联系到某人;获得某物 N I've been trying to get hold of her all morning — she's not answering. (注意与 obtain 的区别)
74 get into 对某事产生兴趣;进入交通工具或赛事 N She got into podcasting during the lockdown and now has 50,000 listeners.
75 get out of 逃避责任;下交通工具 N He always manages to get out of the boring tasks somehow.
76 get over 从疾病、震惊、失望中恢复 N It took her three months to get over the breakup. (也作:克服困难)
77 get round to 抽出时间做拖了很久的事 N I keep meaning to read that book but I never get round to it. (英 get round to;美 get around to)
78 get through 完成困难任务;电话接通;用完储备 N We got through the entire backlog in one afternoon. / I couldn't get through to the support line.
79 get together 社交聚会 N/A Let's get together this weekend if you're free.
80 get up to 在做(常带轻微调皮)什么 N What have you been getting up to lately? / The children are always getting up to something.

为什么 GET 动词短语值得专门关注: GET 动词短语尤其难,因为介词意义高度习语化。「get over」(恢复)和「get through」(完成/接通)跟字面 get + over/through 表面毫无相似。它们必须当作独立词条学。好处是:因为 GET 在对话里出现极频繁,掌握这 20 个的投入产出比异常高。


类别 E:TOEFL、IELTS 与学术英语(20 个)

这一类的动词短语规律出现在学术文本中,在 TOEFL/IELTS 7+ / 24+ 分写作和口语里被预期。和 A—D 不同,这些足够正式,能用在学术英语写作里。掌握它们能给你语域弹性:在口语和学术之间精准切换。

# 动词短语 含义 Sep 例句 / 学术语境
81 account for 解释一个事实;占某比例 N Rising costs account for most of the budget increase. / How do you account for this discrepancy?
82 build on 在某事基础上进一步发展 N This study builds on the work of Nation (2001) and extends it to digital contexts.
83 carry out 执行(研究、计划、指令) Y The researchers carried out a series of controlled experiments. (正式——学术写作首选)
84 draw on 借鉴知识、经验或资源 N The author draws on decades of fieldwork to support this argument.
85 focus on 把注意力或精力集中在某一领域 N This paper focuses on the relationship between vocabulary size and reading comprehension.
86 give rise to 引发某事(通常是问题或状况) N Rapid urbanization gave rise to a range of environmental challenges. (正式——IELTS 文章绝佳)
87 look into 正式或深入地调查 N The commission looked into the causes of the financial collapse.
88 make up 构成某比例;编造 Y Women make up 47% of the current workforce. (学术语域:constitute)
89 point to 作为证据指向 N The data point to a significant correlation between the two variables.
90 rely on 依赖;信任 N These communities rely on subsistence farming for their food supply.
91 result in 导致某结果 N Deforestation results in soil erosion and reduced biodiversity. (IELTS Task 1 与 Task 2 高频)
92 set out 系统地阐述;带着意图开始 Y / N/A The introduction sets out the paper's three main arguments.
93 stem from 源自;以某事为成因 N Many pronunciation difficulties stem from differences in the learner's first language.
94 take into account 在分析或决策中将某因素纳入考虑 Y Researchers must take cultural context into account when interpreting the results. (作为整体不可分)
95 turn to 寻求帮助或信息;用作资源 N When funding was cut, the team turned to crowdsourcing.
96 bring about 引发重大变革 Y The Industrial Revolution brought about fundamental changes in social structure. (正式;适合因果文章)
97 come into 进入某状态或情境(正式搭配) N The new regulations came into effect in January. / The policy came into force immediately.
98 deal with 处理问题或主题 N The second chapter deals with the limitations of current measurement frameworks.
99 give way to 被替代;让位 N Traditional publishing is slowly giving way to digital formats. (正式——比较类文章很好)
100 move towards 朝某目标或变化推进 N Global institutions are gradually moving towards a more inclusive framework.

TOEFL/IELTS 语域提示: 81—100 在 IELTS 学术写作 Task 1、Task 2 和 TOEFL Integrated/Independent Writing 里都安全。准确使用而不是回避动词短语,会向考官传递真正的学术词汇控制力。


学动词短语的三种失败模式

多数学习者犯下面三种错误中的一个或多个。看懂它们能省你几个月。

失败 1:背清单不带语境(识别 ≠ 产出)

你看到「put off」能认出来,但开口想用就卡住。这是「识别—产出」差距,由「孤立学动词短语」造成——把它们当成翻译对,而不是使用中的语言。

研究毫不含糊:Laufer 与 Nation(1995)显示,识别一个词的能力既不能可靠预测书面产出,也不能预测口语自发使用。识别和产出是两套独立的知识,需要不同的练习方法。

含义是:读一遍动词短语清单不会建立产出流利。你必须产出它们:填进句子、用在写作里、从记忆中生成例句。这就是为什么完形填空(「She _____ the meeting because her flight was cancelled」→ called off)远比简单卡片有效。

失败 2:忽略介词意义模式

每个介词都有一组在不同动词短语里反复出现的核心含义。多数学习者把每个动词短语当作完全孤立——错过了一条能减负且帮助记忆的捷径。

当你内化介词模式(下一节会讲),常常能对未知动词短语做出有根据的猜测,并为已知的建立语义网络以便压力下回忆。这不是规则系统,是倾向系统——但它很有力。

失败 3:不区分口语和书面语域

「Sort out」在 Slack 消息里没问题,在正式报告里别扭。「Bring about」在 IELTS 文章里很好,在轻松对话里僵硬。忽略语域的学习者产出语法对、语用错的语言——场合错配。

解药是把语域标签和定义一起学——这份指南的主清单里都标了。


介词意义模式:捷径系统

这是动词短语学习里杠杆率最高的洞见之一。介词不是随机的。每一个都有一簇核心含义,在几十个动词短语里以变体出现。掌握这些模式能给你解码未知动词的框架,也能为已知的搭起记忆支架。

UP —— 完成、增加、注意

UP 的核心含义是「最终性」或「向上限增加」。

  • 完成: finish up、wrap up、use up、clean up、eat up、lock up —— 都暗示「让某事达到最终状态」。
  • 增加: build up、pile up、step up、save up、pick up(速度/活动)—— 朝更高量移动。
  • 注意: look up、turn up(出现)、speak up —— 让某事变得可见或可听。

遇到未知的「verb + up」,「完成」或「增加」常常是对的解读。Use up the resources(彻底消耗)。Speed up the process(提高速率)。Show up(变得可见/在场)。

OUT —— 彻底、完成、向外

OUT 常标示「完全向外释放」或「资源耗尽」。

  • 彻底: work out、figure out、sort out、think out —— 把某事处理到完全解决。
  • 耗尽: run out、burn out、wear out —— 完全用尽某种供给或资源。
  • 向外: reach out、give out、send out —— 从中心向外向他人移动。

遇到「verb + out」时问:是「耗尽」(burn out、run out)、「向外释放」(reach out、give out)、还是「彻底解决」(work out、figure out)?

DOWN —— 减少、记录、平息

DOWN 围绕「减少」或「固定」组织。

  • 减少: cut down、scale down、wind down、slow down、calm down
  • 记录: write down、note down、put down(写下)—— 把信息固定到稳定形态。
  • 抑制: hold down、pin down、keep down —— 阻止向上移动。

某事在被减少或被记录时,DOWN 是自然搭配。

OFF —— 分离、停止、离开

OFF 标示「断连」或「停止」。

  • 停止: call off、cut off、turn off、switch off、put off(推迟 = 延迟开始)—— 终结一个状态。
  • 离开: take off(飞机/鞋)、go off(人离开或闹钟响起)、set off(启程)。
  • 分离: cut off、split off、break off —— 与更大整体的分离。

某事在结束、停止或被分离时,OFF 是大概率介词。

THROUGH —— 克服困难的完成与彻底

THROUGH 暗示「从一侧穿越到另一侧」,常常是隐喻意义。

  • 克服困难的完成: go through(经历苦难)、get through(熬过一段时间或电话接通)、follow through(贯彻到底)。
  • 穿透: break through、come through、get through —— 跨越障碍。
  • 彻底审阅: look through、read through、go through documents —— 检查每一个部分。

共同主题:从头到尾彻底通过的事。涉及困难或彻底性时,THROUGH 通常是对的框架。


Rhythm Word 教动词短语的方式不一样

多数词汇 App 把动词短语当作词表里的单条加进去。Rhythm Word 围绕一个根本不同的理念搭建:动词短语需要「产出优先、语境驱动」的学习系统,才能从被动识别走向主动使用。

按你水平自适应的个性化语境例句

字典里 put on 的例句通常是「She put on her coat」。这一句教不了你任何从定义推不出的东西。你需要的是把动词短语放进一个能让具体含义和可分性行为可见的句子。

Rhythm Word 按你当前水平(A1—C2)生成例句。一个 B1 学习者第一次遇到「call off」:

「The outdoor event was called off after the weather forecast predicted heavy rain all weekend.」

一个 C1 学习者在巩固「give rise to」:

「The sudden policy shift gave rise to widespread uncertainty among investors and market analysts.」

句子复杂度、词汇、句法都校准到「刚好够挑战又能记住」——研究者称之为「desirable difficulty」(合意难度)。

个性化例句强制主动参与

传统卡片训练识别。Rhythm Word 训练产出。

当你看到「She _____ the meeting because her flight was cancelled」这样的句子,目标词在语境里,你不能被动识别答案——你必须提取。答案(called off)既要求你知道这个动词短语,又要求你应用正确的可分性规则。

这是「生成效应」(Slamecka & Graf, 1978)——你自己生成的信息留存远高于被动阅读的信息。带动词短语的语境例句练习每次复习都创造这种生成条件。

因为 Rhythm Word 每次会话都生成新句子,你在每次接触时都在新语境里遇到同一个动词短语,而不是死记一个例句。对易混对(give up vs give outtake off vs take on),不同语境逼你区分外形相似而含义不同的形式。

间隔重复战略性地安排动词短语

动词短语难度不一,间隔重复也不会一视同仁。你和相似形式混淆的动词(get through vs get over)会更频繁出现。可分性行为不寻常的动词(come up with = 不可分;很多学习者错误地拆开它)会在最可能遗忘的精确时点重新出现。

结果是:不是 100 项平均争夺复习时间,而是把最多时间花在你最可能用错的那批动词短语上。

低摩擦界面降低弃用

动词短语学习有一个特定失败模式:放弃。学习几十个带不规则可分性和习语化含义的项目,会造成认知疲劳——传统卡片系统让放弃太容易。

Rhythm Word 的卡片界面一次呈现一项。每张卡用粗体显示目标词、嵌在个性化例句里。点一下表示你的回忆状态:粗体 = 记得、橙色 = 模糊、红色 = 忘了。FSRS 算法用你的反馈安排最优复习间隔。语音回放强化发音,App 完整离线,让通勤变成学习时间。


30 天动词短语冲刺计划

这个计划带学习者在一个月内,跨五类从零达到产出流利。目标不是识别,而是在限时压力下能在口语和写作里正确使用这些动词短语。

时段 类别重点 每日目标 语法重点 Rhythm Word 模式
第 1 周(第 1—7 天) 类别 A:日常生活(20 个) 3 个新词 + 复习 可分 vs 不可分 学新卡 + 复习
第 2 周(第 8—14 天) 类别 B:沟通(20 个) 3 个新词 + 全部旧词复习 语域:口语 vs 职业 个性化例句 + 语音回放
第 3 周(第 15—21 天) 类别 C:工作/职业(20 个) 3 个新词 + 全部旧词复习 TOEFL/IELTS 搭配 自定义场景练习
第 4 周(第 22—30 天) 复习 + 类别 D(GET)+ 类别 E(学术) 2 个新词 + 全轮转复习 介词模式 + 语域掌握 完整间隔复习

每日时间投入: 15—20 分钟。

第 1 周细节: 从 20 个日常动词起步,重点放在每个的可分性规则。每个可分动词练三种语序:pick up the book / pick the book up / pick it up。在加新动词前,把代词规则练到肌肉记忆。

第 2 周细节: 沟通类有几个特属于商务和职业语境(reach out、follow up、check in)。这一周每天至少写一句把动词短语用在真实职业场景:邮件、会议总结、简短消息。「使用语境」是去到产出流利最快的路。

第 3 周细节: 工作/职业类有几个跨入学术语域(carry out、set out、phase out)。这一周对类别 E 里每个动词短语,对比它的拉丁语源对应词。理解 carry out vs executegive rise to vs cause 之间的语域差,能搭起把 B2 和 C1 分开的弹性。

第 4 周细节: GET 类(D)最好作为独立组学,因为介词模式特别习语化。花三天在 Rhythm Word 里跑完全部 20 个 GET 动词。结束冲刺时跨全部 100 项做句子产出测试:试着不看定义用每个动词造一个原创句子。


5 个动词短语常见问答

英语里有多少个动词短语?

估算各异,字典通常列 5000 到 10000 个不同的动词短语。Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary 收录约 6000 条。但学习者根本不需要这么多。频率研究显示,最有产出的 200—300 个覆盖了英语口语接触的绝大多数。本指南的 100 个代表高频核心。

英语里最常用的动词短语是哪个?

基于英国国家语料库和 COCA 的数据,get up、pick up、go on、come on、come up 一直在最高频列表里。GET 组合作为整体在口语频率榜上占主导,因为 GET 本身就是英语前 10 高频词。单论最常见的动词短语,go on(继续)和 pick up(接、学到、提升)几乎在每份频率分析里都排在最顶端。

动词短语正式还是非正式?

动词短语横跨完整语域光谱。许多是非正式或中性的(hang out、give up、sort out),不适合学术写作;但有相当一部分在正式书面英语里完全可接受、在学术语境里被预期(account for、give rise to、build on、stem from)。关键是知道你学的每一个动词短语属于哪个语域——所以本指南的主清单里到处带着语域提示。

怎么快速学动词短语?

最快的路径结合三件事:(1)在语境里学,不只是孤立的翻译对——例句不可妥协;(2)练产出,不只是识别——完形填空和句子生成比单纯卡片有效得多;(3)学这份指南讲的介词模式——一旦你理解了 UP 常表完成、OFF 常表停止,你就能对未知动词短语做有根据的猜测,并搭起一张连接的语义网。Rhythm Word 这类 App 把三件事和间隔重复一起做。

动词短语和介词短语有什么区别?

动词短语是「多词动词」,介词或副词在语法上是动词的一部分,会改变其含义。Call off(取消)是动词短语——「off」是动词含义不可分割的一部分,不是独立的介词短语。介词短语则是给已经完整的动词加上位置或方向意义:「She walked into the room」——「into the room」告诉你她走去了哪里,但「walked」本身意思不变。功能性测试:去掉介词后句子核心意思保持(只是信息少了),那是介词短语;去掉介词后句子无意义或意思不同,那是动词短语。


今天就开始建立动词短语流利度

你现在拿到了完整工具:

  • 100 个按真实场景组织的动词短语
  • 每条的可分性规则
  • 用于解码新动词的介词意义模式
  • 带每日目标的 30 天冲刺计划
  • 学术语境的 TOEFL/IELTS 语域指引

剩下的只是练习——具体说,是产出练习。识别能让你过阅读和听力。产出流利度——「call off」「come up with」「give rise to」在实时对话里不犹豫——需要在低风险条件下反复提取。

这正是 Rhythm Word 为之而建。实时个性化语境例句、带记忆曲线的 FSRS 间隔重复、语音回放、自定义场景,全部围绕本清单的 100 个动词短语协同工作。个性化例句按你水平自适应。可离线,让通勤变学习。

iOS 免费下载试用: https://apps.apple.com/app/id6757683503


相关阅读


参考文献

  • Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., and Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman.
  • Laufer, B., and Nation, P. (1995). Vocabulary size and use: lexical richness in L2 written production. Applied Linguistics, 16(3), 307–322.
  • Nation, I.S.P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Slamecka, N.J., and Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 592–604.
  • Oxford University Press. Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for Learners of English (2nd ed.).

Rhythm Word 已上架 iOS。如果我们对词汇学习的思考方式触动了你,欢迎来试试。

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